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非谓语动词复习策略

 

皖西中学英语组   吕先梅
 
一、非谓语动词的基本概念:
  非谓语动词有三种形式:1、动词不定式to do ,2、现在分词doing ,3、过去分词done。其中不定式to do表示目的和将来,现在分词表示主动和进行,过去分词done表示被动和完成。非谓语动词也有自己的时态和语态,其构成形式如下表:

 

 
 
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
to do
to have done
to be doing
被动
to be done
to have been done
 
ing 形式
主动
doing
having done
 
被动
being done
having been done
 
过去分词
被动
done
 
 
  二.非谓语动词的具体用法:
  非谓语动词的语法功能很多,可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、独立主格等,但试题中常常考查的是非谓语动词在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语和独立主格。下面笔者就这四个方面进行有针对性的解析。
  (一)非谓语动词在句中作定语。非谓语动词在句中作后置定语主要看其与被修饰的名词之间的关系:主谓关系或表示动作的进行用现在分词,动宾关系或表示动作的完成用过去分词,动作未进行或表示目的用动词不定式。例如:
  例1: The child standing over there is my brother.(child 与其后置定语standing over there是主谓关系。)
  例2: The room facing south is our classroom.
  例3: Is this the book recommended by our teacher?(book与其后置定语recommended by our teacher是动宾关系。)
  例4: A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
  例5: The house to be built next year will be our new library.(house 与其后置定语to be built next year是被动关系,而且动作未进行。)
  (二)非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语。非谓语动词在句中往往放在find、make、 leave等动词之后,主要看该非谓语动词与宾语的关系。例如:
  例1: I found him sleeping under the tree.(宾语him 与宾补sleeping是主谓关系。)
  例2: I found my wallet stolen in the street.(宾语my wallet 与宾补stolen是动宾关系。)
  (三)非谓语动词作状语。非谓语动词作状语主要看其与句子主语之间的关系。例如:
  例1: Arriving at the bus stop, he found his sister there.(状语Arriving at the bus stop与句子主语he是主谓关系。)
  例2: Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(Having finished 是现在分词的完成式,表示主动和该动作发生在谓语动词went动作之前。)
  例3: Seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.(状语Seen from the hill与句子主语the town是动宾关系。)
  例4: Given more time, he would be able to do his work better.(Given more time与句子主语he是动宾关系。)
  例5 :I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.(动词不定式作结果状语。)
  (四)非谓语动词在句中作独立主格。非谓语动词在句中作独立主格看该非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。例如:
  例1 :It being Sunday, we needn’t go to school.(现在分词短语being Sunday与其逻辑主语it是主谓关系。)
  例2 :Night falling, we had to stay up in the village.
  例3: All things considered, her paper is better than yours.(过去分词considered与其逻辑主语All things是动宾关系。)
  例4 :Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.(动词不定式表示其逻辑主语的动作未进行。)
非谓语动词是高考的重点,也是各种模拟试题的难点与热点,对非谓语动词的考查形式也是多种多样的,同学们应在掌握其基本用法的基础上广泛积累非谓语动词多角度的出题策略,从而达到熟练掌握运用的目的。
(赵建民老师编校)
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发布时间:2013-07-25 10:45:08
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